Another factor which can be responsible for tuning instability is irregular
stringing which shows as a bumpy tension curve .As an example , some of the
old Zuckermann stringing schedules. A Zell copy of mine which is maintained
by the owner is notoriously unstable, broken strings tend to be replaced by
anything out of the box by something which looks close enough.
I always turn the pin carefully avoiding large pitch changes ie 'searching for
the note'. I suspect amateur tuners icluding some professional players don't
do this , often an instrument comes back from a concert with one or two
broken strings. I rarely break strings when tuning.
Richard Schaumloffel
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